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Acronyms in .NET
ADO - ActiveX Data Object - Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) is a collection of Component Object Model objects for accessing different types of data sources.
AJAX - Asynchronouse Javascript and XML - Ajax is a web development technology used for creating interactive web pages with fast data rendering by enabling partial postbacks on a web page (That means a section of the web page is rendered again, instead of the complete web page. This is achieved using Javascript, XML, JSON (Javascript Notation Language) and the XMLHttpRequest object in javascript.
ASP - Active Server Pages - Microsoft's Server side script engine for creating dynamic web page.
C# - C Sharp - Microsoft Visual C# is an object oriented programming language based on the .NET Framework. It includes features of powerful languages like C++, Java, Delphi and Visual Basic.
CAO - Client Activated Object - Objects created on the server upon the client's request. This is used in Remoting.
CCW - COM Callable Wrapper - This component is used when a .NET component needs to be used in COM.
CIL - Common Intermediate Language - Its actually a low level human readable language implementation of CLI. All .NET-aware languages compile the source oode to an intermediate language called Common Intermediate Language using the language specific compiler.
CLI - Common Language Infrastructure - This is a subset of CLR and base class libraries that Microsoft has submitted to ECMA so that a third-party vendor can build a .NET runtime on another platform.
CLR - Common Language Runtime - It is the main runtime machine of the Microsoft .NET Framework. It includes the implementation of CLI. The CLR runs code in the form of bytes, called as bytecode and this is termed MSIL in .NET.
CLS - Common Language Specification - A type that is CLS compliant, may be used across any .NET language. CLS is a set of language rules that defines language standards for a .NET language and types declared in it. While declaring a new type, if we make use of the [CLSCompliant] attribute, the type is forced to conform to the rules of CLS.
COFF - Common Object File Format - It is a specification format for executables.
COM - Component Object Model - reusable software components. The tribe of COM components includes COM+, Distributed COM (DCOM) and ActiveX® Controls.
CSC.exe - C Sharp Compiler utility
CTS - Common Type System - It is at the core of .NET Framework's cross-language integration, type safety, and high-performance code execution. It defines a common set of types that can be used with many different language syntaxes. Each language (C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, and so on) is free to define any syntax it wishes, but if that language is built on the CLR, it will use at least some of the types defined by the CTS.
DBMS - Database Management System - a software application used for management of databases.
DISCO - Discovery of Web Services. A Web Service has one or more. DISCO files that contain information on how to access its WSDL.
DLL - Dynamic Link Library - a shared reusable library, that exposes an interface of usable methods within it.
DOM - Document Object Model - is a language independent technology that permits scripts to dynamically updated contents of a document (a web page is also a document).
ECMA - European Computer Manufacturer's Association - Is an internation organisation for computer standards.
GC - Garbage Collector - an automatic memory management system through which objects that are not referenced are cleared up from the memory.
GDI - Graphical Device Interface - is a component in Windows based systems, that performs the activity of representing graphical objects and outputting them to output devices.
GAC - Global Assembly Cache - Is a central repository of reusable libraries in the .NET environment.
GUI - Graphic User Interface - a type of computer interface through which user's may interact with the Computer using different types of input & output devices with a graphical interface.
GUID - Globally Unique Identifier - is a unique reference number used in applications to refer an object.
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - is a communication protocol used to transfer information in the internet. HTTP is a request-response protocol between servers and clients.
IDE - Integrated Development Environment - is a development environment with source code editor with a compiler(or interpretor), debugging tools, designer, solution explorer, property window, object explorer etc.
IDL - Interface Definition Language - is a language for defining software components interface.
ILDASM - Intermediate Language Disassembler - The contents of an assembly may be viewed using the ILDASM utility, that comes with the .NET SDK or the Visual Studio.NET. The ildasm.exe tool may also be used in the command line compiler.
IIS - Internet Information Server - Is a server that provides services to websites and even hosts websites.
IL - Intermediate Language - is the compiled form of the .NET language source code. When .NET source code is compiled by the language specific compiler (say we compile C# code using csc.exe), it is compiled to a .NET binary, which is platform independent, and is called Intermediate Language code. The .NET binary also comprises of metadata.
JIT - Just in Time (Jitter) - is a technology for boosting the runtime performance of a system. It converts during runtime, code from one format into another, just like IL into native machine code. Note that JIT compilation is processor specific. Say a processor is X86 based, then the JIT compilation will be for this type of processor.
MBR - MarshallByReference - The caller recieves a proxy to the remote object.
MBV - MarshallByValue - The caller recieves a copy of the object in its own application domain.
MDI - Multiple Document Interface - A window that resides under a single parent window.
MSIL - Microsoft Intermediate Language - now called CIL.
Orcas - Codename for Visual Studio 2008
PE - Portable Executable - an exe format file that is portable.
RAD - Rapid Application Development
RCW - Runtime Callable Wrapper - This component is used when a .NET needs to use a COM component.
SAX - Simple API for XML - It is a serial access parser API for XML. The parser is event driven and the event gets triggered when an XML feature is encountered.
SDK - Software Development Kit
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - a text based protocol for sending mails.
SN.exe - Strong Name Utility - a tool to make strong named assemblies.
SQL - Structured Query Language - a language for management of data in a relational structure.
SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol - a protocol used for exchange of xml based messages across networks.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol - data exchange protocol across networks using streamed sockets.
UI - User Interface
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
UDDI - Universal Description, Discovery and Integration - it is a platform independent business registration across the internet.
WAP - Wireless Access Protocol - a protocol that enables access to the internet from mobile phones and PDAs.
WC - Windows Cardspace - Part of .NET 3.0 framework, that enables users to secure and store digital identities of a person, and a provision to a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, like logging in to a website.
WCF - Windows Communication Foundation - Part of .NET 3.0 framework, that enables communication between applications across machines.
WF - Windows Workflow Foundation - Part of .NET 3.0 framework, used for defining, execution and management of reusable workflows.
WKO - Well Known Object - These are MBR types whose lifetime is controlled by the server's application domain.
WPF - Windows Presentation Foundation - Part of .NET 3.0 framework, is the graphical subsystem of the .NET 3.0 framework.
WSDL - Web Services Description Language - is an XML based language for describing web services.
WML - Wireless Markup Language - is a content format for those devices that use Wireless Application Protocol.
VB.NET - Visual Basic .NET - .NET based language. Its the .NET implementation of VB6, the most widely used language in the world.
VBC.exe - VB.NET Compiler
VES - Virtual Execution System - It provides the environment for execution of managed code. It provides direct support for a set of built in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model. To a large extent, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute the Common Intermediate Language instruction set.
VS - Visual Studio
VSS - Visual Source Safe - An IDE by Microsoft, to maintain source code versions and security.
VSTS - Visual Studio Team Suite - Visual Studio Team System - it is an extended version of Visual Studio .NET. It has a set of collaboration and development tools for software development process.
XML - Extensible Markup Language - is a general purpose well formed markup language.
Showing posts with label dotnet. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dotnet. Show all posts
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
Short Answer .NET Interview Questions (PAGE 5)
Q81. What technique is used to figure out that the page request is a postback?
Ans. The IsPostBack property of the page object may be used to check whether the page request is a postback or not. IsPostBack property is of the type Boolean.
Q82. Which event of the ASP.NET page life cycle completely loads all the controls on the web page?
Ans. The Page_load event of the ASP.NET page life cycle assures that all controls are completely loaded. Even though the controls are also accessible in Page_Init event but here, the viewstate is incomplete.
Q83. How is ViewState information persisted across postbacks in an ASP.NET webpage?
Ans. Using HTML Hidden Fields, ASP.NET creates a hidden field with an ID="__VIEWSTATE" and the value of the page's viewstate is encoded (hashed) for security.
Q84. What is the ValidationSummary control in ASP.NET used for?
Ans. The ValidationSummary control in ASP.NET displays summary of all the current validation errors.
Q85. What is AutoPostBack feature in ASP.NET?
Ans. In case it is required for a server side control to postback when any of its event is triggered, then the AutoPostBack property of this control is set to true.
Q86. What is the difference between Web.config and Machine.Config in .NET?
Ans. Web.config file is used to make the settings to a web application, whereas Machine.config file is used to make settings to all ASP.NET applications on a server(the server machine).
Q87. What is the difference between a session object and an application object?
Ans. A session object can persist information between HTTP requests for a particular user, whereas an application object can be used globally for all the users.
Q88. Which control has a faster performance, Repeater or Datalist?
Ans. Repeater.
Q89. Which control has a faster performance, Datagrid or Datalist?
Ans. Datalist.
Q90. How to we add customized columns in a Gridview in ASP.NET?
Ans. Make use of the TemplateField column.
Q91. Is it possible to stop the clientside validation of an entire page?
Ans. Set Page.Validate = false;
Q92. Is it possible to disable client side script in validators?
Ans. Yes. simply EnableClientScript = false.
Q93. How do we enable tracing in .NET applications?
Ans. <%@ Page Trace="true" %>
Q94. How to kill a user session in ASP.NET?
Ans. Use the Session.abandon() method.
Q95. Is it possible to perform forms authentication with cookies disabled on a browser?
Ans. No, it is not possible.
Q96. What are the steps to use a checkbox in a gridview?
Ans.
Q97. What are design patterns in .NET?
Ans. A Design pattern is a repeatitive solution to a repeatitive problem in the design of a software architecture.
Q98. What is difference between dataset and datareader in ADO.NET?
Ans. A DataReader provides a forward-only and read-only access to data, while the DataSet object can carry more than one table and at the same time hold the relationships between the tables. Also note that a DataReader is used in a connected architecture whereas a Dataset is used in a disconnected architecture.
Q99. Can connection strings be stored in web.config?
Ans. Yes, in fact this is the best place to store the connection string information.
Q100. Whats the difference between web.config and app.config?
Ans. Web.config is used for web based asp.net applications whereas app.config is used for windows based applications.
Ans. The IsPostBack property of the page object may be used to check whether the page request is a postback or not. IsPostBack property is of the type Boolean.
Q82. Which event of the ASP.NET page life cycle completely loads all the controls on the web page?
Ans. The Page_load event of the ASP.NET page life cycle assures that all controls are completely loaded. Even though the controls are also accessible in Page_Init event but here, the viewstate is incomplete.
Q83. How is ViewState information persisted across postbacks in an ASP.NET webpage?
Ans. Using HTML Hidden Fields, ASP.NET creates a hidden field with an ID="__VIEWSTATE" and the value of the page's viewstate is encoded (hashed) for security.
Q84. What is the ValidationSummary control in ASP.NET used for?
Ans. The ValidationSummary control in ASP.NET displays summary of all the current validation errors.
Q85. What is AutoPostBack feature in ASP.NET?
Ans. In case it is required for a server side control to postback when any of its event is triggered, then the AutoPostBack property of this control is set to true.
Q86. What is the difference between Web.config and Machine.Config in .NET?
Ans. Web.config file is used to make the settings to a web application, whereas Machine.config file is used to make settings to all ASP.NET applications on a server(the server machine).
Q87. What is the difference between a session object and an application object?
Ans. A session object can persist information between HTTP requests for a particular user, whereas an application object can be used globally for all the users.
Q88. Which control has a faster performance, Repeater or Datalist?
Ans. Repeater.
Q89. Which control has a faster performance, Datagrid or Datalist?
Ans. Datalist.
Q90. How to we add customized columns in a Gridview in ASP.NET?
Ans. Make use of the TemplateField column.
Q91. Is it possible to stop the clientside validation of an entire page?
Ans. Set Page.Validate = false;
Q92. Is it possible to disable client side script in validators?
Ans. Yes. simply EnableClientScript = false.
Q93. How do we enable tracing in .NET applications?
Ans. <%@ Page Trace="true" %>
Q94. How to kill a user session in ASP.NET?
Ans. Use the Session.abandon() method.
Q95. Is it possible to perform forms authentication with cookies disabled on a browser?
Ans. No, it is not possible.
Q96. What are the steps to use a checkbox in a gridview?
Ans.
Q97. What are design patterns in .NET?
Ans. A Design pattern is a repeatitive solution to a repeatitive problem in the design of a software architecture.
Q98. What is difference between dataset and datareader in ADO.NET?
Ans. A DataReader provides a forward-only and read-only access to data, while the DataSet object can carry more than one table and at the same time hold the relationships between the tables. Also note that a DataReader is used in a connected architecture whereas a Dataset is used in a disconnected architecture.
Q99. Can connection strings be stored in web.config?
Ans. Yes, in fact this is the best place to store the connection string information.
Q100. Whats the difference between web.config and app.config?
Ans. Web.config is used for web based asp.net applications whereas app.config is used for windows based applications.
Short Answer .NET Interview Questions (PAGE 4)
Q61. Is a delegate a type-safe functions pointer?
Ans. Yes
Q62. What is the return type of an event in .NET?
Ans. There is No return type of an event in .NET.
Q63. Is it possible to specify an access specifier to an event in .NET?
Ans. Yes, though they are public by default.
Q64. Is it possible to create a shared event in .NET?
Ans. Yes, but shared events may only be raised by shared methods.
Q65. How to prevent overriding of a class in .NET?
Ans. Use the keyword NotOverridable in VB.NET and sealed in C#.
Q66. How to prevent inheritance of a class in .NET?
Ans. Use the keyword NotInheritable in VB.NET and sealed in C#.
Q67. What is the purpose of the MustInherit keyword in VB.NET?
Ans. MustInherit keyword in VB.NET is used to create an abstract class.
Q68. What is the access modifier of a member function of in an Interface created in .NET?
Ans. It is always public, we cant use any other modifier other than the public modifier for the member functions of an Interface.
Q69. What does the virtual keyword in C# mean?
Ans. The virtual keyword signifies that the method and property may be overridden.
Q70. How to create a new unique ID for a control?
Ans. ControlName.ID = "ControlName" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); //Make use of the Guid class
Q71A. What is a HashTable in .NET?
Ans. A Hashtable is an object that implements the IDictionary interface, and can be used to store key value pairs. The key may be used as the index to access the values for that index.
Q71B. What is an ArrayList in .NET?
Ans. Arraylist object is used to store a list of values in the form of a list, such that the size of the arraylist can be increased and decreased dynamically, and moreover, it may hold items of different types. Items in an arraylist may be accessed using an index.
Q72. What is the value of the first item in an Enum? 0 or 1?
Ans. 0
Q73. Can we achieve operator overloading in VB.NET?
Ans. Yes, it is supported in the .NET 2.0 version, the "operator" keyword is used.
Q74. What is the use of Finalize method in .NET?
Ans. .NET Garbage collector performs all the clean up activity of the managed objects, and so the finalize method is usually used to free up the unmanaged objects like File objects, Windows API objects, Database connection objects, COM objects etc.
Q75. How do you save all the data in a dataset in .NET?
Ans. Use the AcceptChanges method which commits all the changes made to the dataset since last time Acceptchanges was performed.
Q76. Is there a way to suppress the finalize process inside the garbage collector forcibly in .NET?
Ans. Use the GC.SuppressFinalize() method.
Q77. What is the use of the dispose() method in .NET?
Ans. The Dispose method in .NET belongs to IDisposable interface and it is best used to release unmanaged objects like File objects, Windows API objects, Database connection objects, COM objects etc from the memory. Its performance is better than the finalize() method.
Q78. Is it possible to have have different access modifiers on the get and set methods of a property in .NET?
Ans. No we can not have different modifiers of a common property, which means that if the access modifier of a property's get method is protected, and it must be protected for the set method as well.
Q79. In .NET, is it possible for two catch blocks to be executed in one go?
Ans. This is NOT possible because once the correct catch block is executed then the code flow goes to the finally block.
Q80. Is there any difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?
Ans. System.String is immutable by nature whereas System.StringBuilder can have a mutable string in which plenty of processes may be performed.
Ans. Yes
Q62. What is the return type of an event in .NET?
Ans. There is No return type of an event in .NET.
Q63. Is it possible to specify an access specifier to an event in .NET?
Ans. Yes, though they are public by default.
Q64. Is it possible to create a shared event in .NET?
Ans. Yes, but shared events may only be raised by shared methods.
Q65. How to prevent overriding of a class in .NET?
Ans. Use the keyword NotOverridable in VB.NET and sealed in C#.
Q66. How to prevent inheritance of a class in .NET?
Ans. Use the keyword NotInheritable in VB.NET and sealed in C#.
Q67. What is the purpose of the MustInherit keyword in VB.NET?
Ans. MustInherit keyword in VB.NET is used to create an abstract class.
Q68. What is the access modifier of a member function of in an Interface created in .NET?
Ans. It is always public, we cant use any other modifier other than the public modifier for the member functions of an Interface.
Q69. What does the virtual keyword in C# mean?
Ans. The virtual keyword signifies that the method and property may be overridden.
Q70. How to create a new unique ID for a control?
Ans. ControlName.ID = "ControlName" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); //Make use of the Guid class
Q71A. What is a HashTable in .NET?
Ans. A Hashtable is an object that implements the IDictionary interface, and can be used to store key value pairs. The key may be used as the index to access the values for that index.
Q71B. What is an ArrayList in .NET?
Ans. Arraylist object is used to store a list of values in the form of a list, such that the size of the arraylist can be increased and decreased dynamically, and moreover, it may hold items of different types. Items in an arraylist may be accessed using an index.
Q72. What is the value of the first item in an Enum? 0 or 1?
Ans. 0
Q73. Can we achieve operator overloading in VB.NET?
Ans. Yes, it is supported in the .NET 2.0 version, the "operator" keyword is used.
Q74. What is the use of Finalize method in .NET?
Ans. .NET Garbage collector performs all the clean up activity of the managed objects, and so the finalize method is usually used to free up the unmanaged objects like File objects, Windows API objects, Database connection objects, COM objects etc.
Q75. How do you save all the data in a dataset in .NET?
Ans. Use the AcceptChanges method which commits all the changes made to the dataset since last time Acceptchanges was performed.
Q76. Is there a way to suppress the finalize process inside the garbage collector forcibly in .NET?
Ans. Use the GC.SuppressFinalize() method.
Q77. What is the use of the dispose() method in .NET?
Ans. The Dispose method in .NET belongs to IDisposable interface and it is best used to release unmanaged objects like File objects, Windows API objects, Database connection objects, COM objects etc from the memory. Its performance is better than the finalize() method.
Q78. Is it possible to have have different access modifiers on the get and set methods of a property in .NET?
Ans. No we can not have different modifiers of a common property, which means that if the access modifier of a property's get method is protected, and it must be protected for the set method as well.
Q79. In .NET, is it possible for two catch blocks to be executed in one go?
Ans. This is NOT possible because once the correct catch block is executed then the code flow goes to the finally block.
Q80. Is there any difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?
Ans. System.String is immutable by nature whereas System.StringBuilder can have a mutable string in which plenty of processes may be performed.
Short Answer .NET Interview Questions (PAGE 3)
Q41. How to instruct the garbage collector to collect unreferenced data?
Ans. We may call the garbage collector to collect unreferenced data by executing the System.GC.Collect() method.
Q42. How can we set the Focus on a control in ASP.NET?
Ans. txtBox123.Focus(); OR Page.SetFocus(NameOfControl);
Q43. What are Partial Classes in Asp.Net 2.0?
Ans. In .NET 2.0, a class definition may be split into multiple physical files but partial classes do not make any difference to the compiler as during compile time, the compiler groups all the partial classes and treats them as a single class.
Q44. How to set the default button on a Web Form?
Ans.
Q45.Can we force the garbage collector to run?
Ans. Yes, using the System.GC.Collect(), the garbage collector is forced to run in case required to do so.
Q46. What is Boxing and Unboxing?
Ans. Boxing is the process where any value type can be implicitly converted to a reference type object while Unboxing is the opposite of boxing process where the reference type is converted to a value type.
Q47. What is Code Access security? What is CAS in .NET?
Ans. CAS is the feature of the .NET security model that determines whether an application or a piece of code is permitted to run and decide the resources it can use while running.
Q48. What is Multi-tasking?
Ans. It is a feature of operating systems through which multiple programs may run on the operating system at the same time, just like a scenario where a Notepad, a Calculator and the Control Panel are open at the same time.
Q49. What is Multi-threading?
Ans. When an application performs different tasks at the same time, the application is said to exhibit multithreading as several threads of a process are running.2
Q50. What is a Thread?
Ans. A thread is an activity started by a process and its the basic unit to which an operating system allocates processor resources.
Q51. What does AddressOf in VB.NET operator do?
Ans. The AddressOf operator is used in VB.NET to create a delegate object to a method in order to point to it.
Q52. How to refer to the current thread of a method in .NET?
Ans. In order to refer to the current thread in .NET, the Thread.CurrentThread method can be used. It is a public static property.
Q53. How to pause the execution of a thread in .NET?
Ans. The thread execution can be paused by invoking the Thread.Sleep(IntegerValue) method where IntegerValue is an integer that determines the milliseconds time frame for which the thread in context has to sleep.
Q54. How can we force a thread to sleep for an infinite period?
Ans. Call the Thread.Interupt() method.
Q55. What is Suspend and Resume in .NET Threading?
Ans. Just like a song may be paused and played using a music player, a thread may be paused using Thread.Suspend method and may be started again using the Thread.Resume method. Note that sleep method immediately forces the thread to sleep whereas the suspend method waits for the thread to be in a persistable position before pausing its activity.
Q56. How can we prevent a deadlock in .Net threading?
Ans. Using methods like Monitoring, Interlocked classes, Wait handles, Event raising from between threads, using the ThreadState property.
Q57. What is Ajax?
Ans. Asyncronous Javascript and XML - Ajax is a combination of client side technologies that sets up asynchronous communication between the user interface and the web server so that partial page rendering occur instead of complete page postbacks.
Q58. What is XmlHttpRequest in Ajax?
Ans. It is an object in Javascript that allows the browser to communicate to a web server asynchronously without making a postback.
Q59. What are the different modes of storing an ASP.NET session?
Ans. InProc (the session state is stored in the memory space of the Aspnet_wp.exe process but the session information is lost when IIS reboots), StateServer (the Session state is serialized and stored in a separate process call Viewstate is an object in .NET that automatically persists control setting values across the multiple requests for the same page and it is internally maintained as a hidden field on the web page though its hashed for security reasons.
Q60. What is a delegate in .NET?
Ans. A delegate in .NET is a class that can have a reference to a method, and this class has a signature that can refer only those methods that have a signature which complies with the class.
Ans. We may call the garbage collector to collect unreferenced data by executing the System.GC.Collect() method.
Q42. How can we set the Focus on a control in ASP.NET?
Ans. txtBox123.Focus(); OR Page.SetFocus(NameOfControl);
Q43. What are Partial Classes in Asp.Net 2.0?
Ans. In .NET 2.0, a class definition may be split into multiple physical files but partial classes do not make any difference to the compiler as during compile time, the compiler groups all the partial classes and treats them as a single class.
Q44. How to set the default button on a Web Form?
Ans.
Q45.Can we force the garbage collector to run?
Ans. Yes, using the System.GC.Collect(), the garbage collector is forced to run in case required to do so.
Q46. What is Boxing and Unboxing?
Ans. Boxing is the process where any value type can be implicitly converted to a reference type object while Unboxing is the opposite of boxing process where the reference type is converted to a value type.
Q47. What is Code Access security? What is CAS in .NET?
Ans. CAS is the feature of the .NET security model that determines whether an application or a piece of code is permitted to run and decide the resources it can use while running.
Q48. What is Multi-tasking?
Ans. It is a feature of operating systems through which multiple programs may run on the operating system at the same time, just like a scenario where a Notepad, a Calculator and the Control Panel are open at the same time.
Q49. What is Multi-threading?
Ans. When an application performs different tasks at the same time, the application is said to exhibit multithreading as several threads of a process are running.2
Q50. What is a Thread?
Ans. A thread is an activity started by a process and its the basic unit to which an operating system allocates processor resources.
Q51. What does AddressOf in VB.NET operator do?
Ans. The AddressOf operator is used in VB.NET to create a delegate object to a method in order to point to it.
Q52. How to refer to the current thread of a method in .NET?
Ans. In order to refer to the current thread in .NET, the Thread.CurrentThread method can be used. It is a public static property.
Q53. How to pause the execution of a thread in .NET?
Ans. The thread execution can be paused by invoking the Thread.Sleep(IntegerValue) method where IntegerValue is an integer that determines the milliseconds time frame for which the thread in context has to sleep.
Q54. How can we force a thread to sleep for an infinite period?
Ans. Call the Thread.Interupt() method.
Q55. What is Suspend and Resume in .NET Threading?
Ans. Just like a song may be paused and played using a music player, a thread may be paused using Thread.Suspend method and may be started again using the Thread.Resume method. Note that sleep method immediately forces the thread to sleep whereas the suspend method waits for the thread to be in a persistable position before pausing its activity.
Q56. How can we prevent a deadlock in .Net threading?
Ans. Using methods like Monitoring, Interlocked classes, Wait handles, Event raising from between threads, using the ThreadState property.
Q57. What is Ajax?
Ans. Asyncronous Javascript and XML - Ajax is a combination of client side technologies that sets up asynchronous communication between the user interface and the web server so that partial page rendering occur instead of complete page postbacks.
Q58. What is XmlHttpRequest in Ajax?
Ans. It is an object in Javascript that allows the browser to communicate to a web server asynchronously without making a postback.
Q59. What are the different modes of storing an ASP.NET session?
Ans. InProc (the session state is stored in the memory space of the Aspnet_wp.exe process but the session information is lost when IIS reboots), StateServer (the Session state is serialized and stored in a separate process call Viewstate is an object in .NET that automatically persists control setting values across the multiple requests for the same page and it is internally maintained as a hidden field on the web page though its hashed for security reasons.
Q60. What is a delegate in .NET?
Ans. A delegate in .NET is a class that can have a reference to a method, and this class has a signature that can refer only those methods that have a signature which complies with the class.
Short Answer .NET Interview Questions (PAGE 2)
Q21. What is encapsulation?
Ans. Encapsulation is the OOPs concept of binding the attributes and behaviors in a class, hiding the implementation of the class and exposing the functionality.
Q22. What is Overloading?
Ans. When we add a new method with the same name in a same/derived class but with different number/types of parameters, the concept is called overluoad and this ultimately implements Polymorphism.
Q23. What is Overriding?
Ans. When we need to provide different implementation in a child class than the one provided by base class, we define the same method with same signatures in the child class and this is called overriding.
Q24. What is a Delegate?
Ans. A delegate is a strongly typed function pointer object that encapsulates a reference to a method, and so the function that needs to be invoked may be called at runtime.
Q25. Is String a Reference Type or Value Type in .NET?
Ans. String is a Reference Type object.
Q26. What is a Satellite Assembly?
Ans. Satellite assemblies contain resource files corresponding to a locale (Culture + Language) and these assemblies are used in deploying an application globally for different languages.
Q27. What are the different types of assemblies and what is their use?
Ans. Private, Public(also called shared) and Satellite Assemblies.
Q28. Are MSIL and CIL the same thing?
Ans. Yes, CIL is the new name for MSIL.
Q29. What is the base class of all web forms?
Ans. System.Web.UI.Page
Q30. How to add a client side event to a server control?
Ans. Example... BtnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onclick","javascript:fnSomeFunctionInJavascript()");
Q31. How to register a client side script from code-behind?
Ans. Use the Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock method in the server side code to register the script that may be built using a StringBuilder.
Q32. Can a single .NET DLL contain multiple classes?
Ans. Yes, a single .NET DLL may contain any number of classes within it.
Q33. What is DLL Hell?
Ans. DLL Hell is the name given to the problem of old unmanaged DLL's due to which there was a possibility of version conflict among the DLLs.
Q34. can we put a break statement in a finally block?
Ans. The finally block cannot have the break, continue, return and goto statements.
Q35. What is a CompositeControl in .NET?
Ans. CompositeControl is an abstract class in .NET that is inherited by those web controls that contain child controls within them.
Q36. Which control in asp.net is used to display data from an xml file and then displayed using XSLT?
Ans. Use the asp:Xml control and set its DocumentSource property for associating an xml file, and set its TransformSource property to set the xml control's xsl file for the XSLT transformation.
Q37. Can we run ASP.NET 1.1 application and ASP.NET 2.0 application on the same computer?
Ans. Yes, though changes in the IIS in the properties for the site have to be made during deployment of each.
Q38. What are the new features in .NET 2.0?
Ans. Plenty of new controls, Generics, anonymous methods, partial classes, iterators, property visibility (separate visibility for get and set) and static classes.
Q39. Can we pop a MessageBox in a web application?
Ans. Yes, though this is done clientside using an alert, prompt or confirm or by opening a new web page that looks like a messagebox.
Q40. What is managed data?
Ans. The data for which the memory management is taken care by .Net runtime’s garbage collector, and this includes tasks for allocation de-allocation.
Ans. Encapsulation is the OOPs concept of binding the attributes and behaviors in a class, hiding the implementation of the class and exposing the functionality.
Q22. What is Overloading?
Ans. When we add a new method with the same name in a same/derived class but with different number/types of parameters, the concept is called overluoad and this ultimately implements Polymorphism.
Q23. What is Overriding?
Ans. When we need to provide different implementation in a child class than the one provided by base class, we define the same method with same signatures in the child class and this is called overriding.
Q24. What is a Delegate?
Ans. A delegate is a strongly typed function pointer object that encapsulates a reference to a method, and so the function that needs to be invoked may be called at runtime.
Q25. Is String a Reference Type or Value Type in .NET?
Ans. String is a Reference Type object.
Q26. What is a Satellite Assembly?
Ans. Satellite assemblies contain resource files corresponding to a locale (Culture + Language) and these assemblies are used in deploying an application globally for different languages.
Q27. What are the different types of assemblies and what is their use?
Ans. Private, Public(also called shared) and Satellite Assemblies.
Q28. Are MSIL and CIL the same thing?
Ans. Yes, CIL is the new name for MSIL.
Q29. What is the base class of all web forms?
Ans. System.Web.UI.Page
Q30. How to add a client side event to a server control?
Ans. Example... BtnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onclick","javascript:fnSomeFunctionInJavascript()");
Q31. How to register a client side script from code-behind?
Ans. Use the Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock method in the server side code to register the script that may be built using a StringBuilder.
Q32. Can a single .NET DLL contain multiple classes?
Ans. Yes, a single .NET DLL may contain any number of classes within it.
Q33. What is DLL Hell?
Ans. DLL Hell is the name given to the problem of old unmanaged DLL's due to which there was a possibility of version conflict among the DLLs.
Q34. can we put a break statement in a finally block?
Ans. The finally block cannot have the break, continue, return and goto statements.
Q35. What is a CompositeControl in .NET?
Ans. CompositeControl is an abstract class in .NET that is inherited by those web controls that contain child controls within them.
Q36. Which control in asp.net is used to display data from an xml file and then displayed using XSLT?
Ans. Use the asp:Xml control and set its DocumentSource property for associating an xml file, and set its TransformSource property to set the xml control's xsl file for the XSLT transformation.
Q37. Can we run ASP.NET 1.1 application and ASP.NET 2.0 application on the same computer?
Ans. Yes, though changes in the IIS in the properties for the site have to be made during deployment of each.
Q38. What are the new features in .NET 2.0?
Ans. Plenty of new controls, Generics, anonymous methods, partial classes, iterators, property visibility (separate visibility for get and set) and static classes.
Q39. Can we pop a MessageBox in a web application?
Ans. Yes, though this is done clientside using an alert, prompt or confirm or by opening a new web page that looks like a messagebox.
Q40. What is managed data?
Ans. The data for which the memory management is taken care by .Net runtime’s garbage collector, and this includes tasks for allocation de-allocation.
Short Answer .NET Interview Questions (PAGE 1)
Q1. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Ans. Server side code will execute at server (where the website is hosted) end, & all the business logic will execute at server end where as client side code will execute at client side (usually written in javascript, vbscript, jscript) at browser end.
Q2. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Ans. Server side code.
Q3. How to make sure that value is entered in an asp:Textbox control?
Ans. Use a RequiredFieldValidator control.
Q4. Which property of a validation control is used to associate it with a server control on that page?
Ans. ControlToValidate property.
Q5. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET & C#?
Ans. C# Derived Class : Baseclass
VB.NEt : Derived Class Inherits Baseclass
Q6. Which method is invoked on the DataAdapter control to load the generated dataset with data?
Ans. Fill() method.
Q7. What method is used to explicitly kill a user's session?
Ans. Session.Abandon()
Q8. What property within the asp:gridview control is changed to bind columns manually?
Ans. Autogenerated columns is set to false
Q9. Which method is used to redirect the user to another page without performing a round trip to the client?
Ans. Server.Transfer method.
Q10. How do we use different versions of private assemblies in same application without re-build?
Ans.Inside the Assemblyinfo.cs or Assemblyinfo.vb file, we need to specify assembly version.
assembly: AssemblyVersion
Q11. Is it possible to debug java-script in .NET IDE? If yes, how?
Ans. Yes, simply write "debugger" statement at the point where the breakpoint needs to be set within the javascript code and also enable javascript debugging in the browser property settings.
Q12. How many ways can we maintain the state of a page?
Ans. 1. Client Side - Query string, hidden variables, viewstate, cookies
2. Server side - application , cache, context, session, database
Q13. What is the use of a multicast delegate?
Ans. A multicast delegate may be used to call more than one method.
Q14. What is the use of a private constructor?
Ans. A private constructor may be used to prevent the creation of an instance for a class.
Q15. What is the use of Singleton pattern?
Ans. A Singleton pattern .is used to make sure that only one instance of a class exists.
Q16. When do we use a DOM parser and when do we use a SAX parser?
Ans. The DOM Approach is useful for small documents in which the program needs to process a large portion of the document whereas the SAX approach is useful for large documents in which the program only needs to process a small portion of the document.
Q17. Will the finally block be executed if an exception has not occurred?
Ans.Yes it will execute.
Q18. What is a Dataset?
Ans. A dataset is an in memory database kindof object that can hold database information in a disconnected environment.
Q19. Is XML a case-sensitive markup language?
Ans. Yes.
Q20. What is an .ashx file?
Ans. It is a web handler file that produces output to be consumed by an xml consumer client (rather than a browser).
Ans. Server side code will execute at server (where the website is hosted) end, & all the business logic will execute at server end where as client side code will execute at client side (usually written in javascript, vbscript, jscript) at browser end.
Q2. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Ans. Server side code.
Q3. How to make sure that value is entered in an asp:Textbox control?
Ans. Use a RequiredFieldValidator control.
Q4. Which property of a validation control is used to associate it with a server control on that page?
Ans. ControlToValidate property.
Q5. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET & C#?
Ans. C# Derived Class : Baseclass
VB.NEt : Derived Class Inherits Baseclass
Q6. Which method is invoked on the DataAdapter control to load the generated dataset with data?
Ans. Fill() method.
Q7. What method is used to explicitly kill a user's session?
Ans. Session.Abandon()
Q8. What property within the asp:gridview control is changed to bind columns manually?
Ans. Autogenerated columns is set to false
Q9. Which method is used to redirect the user to another page without performing a round trip to the client?
Ans. Server.Transfer method.
Q10. How do we use different versions of private assemblies in same application without re-build?
Ans.Inside the Assemblyinfo.cs or Assemblyinfo.vb file, we need to specify assembly version.
assembly: AssemblyVersion
Q11. Is it possible to debug java-script in .NET IDE? If yes, how?
Ans. Yes, simply write "debugger" statement at the point where the breakpoint needs to be set within the javascript code and also enable javascript debugging in the browser property settings.
Q12. How many ways can we maintain the state of a page?
Ans. 1. Client Side - Query string, hidden variables, viewstate, cookies
2. Server side - application , cache, context, session, database
Q13. What is the use of a multicast delegate?
Ans. A multicast delegate may be used to call more than one method.
Q14. What is the use of a private constructor?
Ans. A private constructor may be used to prevent the creation of an instance for a class.
Q15. What is the use of Singleton pattern?
Ans. A Singleton pattern .is used to make sure that only one instance of a class exists.
Q16. When do we use a DOM parser and when do we use a SAX parser?
Ans. The DOM Approach is useful for small documents in which the program needs to process a large portion of the document whereas the SAX approach is useful for large documents in which the program only needs to process a small portion of the document.
Q17. Will the finally block be executed if an exception has not occurred?
Ans.Yes it will execute.
Q18. What is a Dataset?
Ans. A dataset is an in memory database kindof object that can hold database information in a disconnected environment.
Q19. Is XML a case-sensitive markup language?
Ans. Yes.
Q20. What is an .ashx file?
Ans. It is a web handler file that produces output to be consumed by an xml consumer client (rather than a browser).
VB.NET Interview Questions 16
What is a delegate, why should you use it and how do you call it ?
A delegate is a reference type that refers to a Shared method of a type or to an instance method of an object. Delegate is like a function pointer in C and C++. Pointers are used to store the address of a thing. Delegate lets some other code call your function without needing to know where your function is actually located. All events in .NET actually use delegates in the background to wire up events. Events are really just a modified form of a delegate.
It should give you an idea of some different areas in which delegates may be appropriate:
1.They enable callback functionality in multi-tier applications as demonstrated in the examples above.
2.The CacheItemRemoveCallback delegate can be used in ASP.NET to keep cached information up to date. When the cached information is removed for any reason, the associated callback is exercised and could contain a reload of the cached information.
3. Use delegates to facilitate asynchronous processing for methods that do not offer asynchronous behavior.
4.Events use delegates so clients can give the application events to call when the event is fired. Exposing custom events within your applications requires the use of delegates.
How does the XmlSerializer work?
XmlSerializer in the .NET Framework is a great tool to convert Xml into runtime objects and vice versa
If you define integer variable and a object variable and a structure then how those will be plotted in memory.
Integer , structure - System.ValueType -- Allocated memory on stack , infact integer is primitive type recognized and allocated memory by compiler itself .
Infact , System.Int32 definition is as follows :
[C#]
[Serializable]
public struct Int32 : IComparable, IFormattable, IConvertible
So , it's a struct by definition , which is the same case with various other value types .
Object - Base class , that is by default reference type , so at runtime JIT compiler allocates memory on the "Heap" Data structure .
Reference types are defined as class , derived directly or indirectly by System.ReferenceType
A delegate is a reference type that refers to a Shared method of a type or to an instance method of an object. Delegate is like a function pointer in C and C++. Pointers are used to store the address of a thing. Delegate lets some other code call your function without needing to know where your function is actually located. All events in .NET actually use delegates in the background to wire up events. Events are really just a modified form of a delegate.
It should give you an idea of some different areas in which delegates may be appropriate:
1.They enable callback functionality in multi-tier applications as demonstrated in the examples above.
2.The CacheItemRemoveCallback delegate can be used in ASP.NET to keep cached information up to date. When the cached information is removed for any reason, the associated callback is exercised and could contain a reload of the cached information.
3. Use delegates to facilitate asynchronous processing for methods that do not offer asynchronous behavior.
4.Events use delegates so clients can give the application events to call when the event is fired. Exposing custom events within your applications requires the use of delegates.
How does the XmlSerializer work?
XmlSerializer in the .NET Framework is a great tool to convert Xml into runtime objects and vice versa
If you define integer variable and a object variable and a structure then how those will be plotted in memory.
Integer , structure - System.ValueType -- Allocated memory on stack , infact integer is primitive type recognized and allocated memory by compiler itself .
Infact , System.Int32 definition is as follows :
[C#]
[Serializable]
public struct Int32 : IComparable, IFormattable, IConvertible
So , it's a struct by definition , which is the same case with various other value types .
Object - Base class , that is by default reference type , so at runtime JIT compiler allocates memory on the "Heap" Data structure .
Reference types are defined as class , derived directly or indirectly by System.ReferenceType
VB.NET Interview Questions 15
what an array is?
The dictionary meaning of array is an orderly arrangement or sequential arrangement of elements.
In computer science term:
An array is a data structure that contains a number of variables, which are accessed through computed indices. The variables contained in an array, also called the elements of the array, are all of the same type, and this type is called the element type of the array.
An array has a rank that determines the number of indices associated with each array element. The rank of an array is also referred to as the dimensions of the array. An array with a rank of one is called a single-dimensional array. An array with a rank greater than one is called a multi-dimensional array. Specific sized multidimensional arrays are often referred to as two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, and so on.
What are jagged arrays?
A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays. The elements of jagged array can be of different dimensions and sizes. A jagged array is sometimes called as "array-of-arrays". It is called jagged because each of its rows is of different size so the final or graphical representation is not a square.
When you create a jagged array you declare the number of rows in your array. Each row will hold an array that will be on any length. Before filling the values in the inner arrays you must declare them.
Jagged array declaration in C#:
For e.g. : int [] [] myJaggedArray = new int [3][];
Declaration of inner arrays:
myJaggedArray[0] = new int[5] ; // First inner array will be of length 5.
myJaggedArray[1] = new int[4] ; // Second inner array will be of length 4.
myJaggedArray[2] = new int[3] ; // Third inner array will be of length 3.
Now to access third element of second row we write:
int value = myJaggedArray[1][2];
Note that while declaring the array the second dimension is not supplied because this you will declare later on in the code.
Jagged array are created out of single dimensional arrays so be careful while using them. Don't confuse it with multi-dimensional arrays because unlike them jagged arrays are not rectangular arrays.
For more information on arrays:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/csref/html/vclrfarrayspg.asp
The dictionary meaning of array is an orderly arrangement or sequential arrangement of elements.
In computer science term:
An array is a data structure that contains a number of variables, which are accessed through computed indices. The variables contained in an array, also called the elements of the array, are all of the same type, and this type is called the element type of the array.
An array has a rank that determines the number of indices associated with each array element. The rank of an array is also referred to as the dimensions of the array. An array with a rank of one is called a single-dimensional array. An array with a rank greater than one is called a multi-dimensional array. Specific sized multidimensional arrays are often referred to as two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, and so on.
What are jagged arrays?
A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays. The elements of jagged array can be of different dimensions and sizes. A jagged array is sometimes called as "array-of-arrays". It is called jagged because each of its rows is of different size so the final or graphical representation is not a square.
When you create a jagged array you declare the number of rows in your array. Each row will hold an array that will be on any length. Before filling the values in the inner arrays you must declare them.
Jagged array declaration in C#:
For e.g. : int [] [] myJaggedArray = new int [3][];
Declaration of inner arrays:
myJaggedArray[0] = new int[5] ; // First inner array will be of length 5.
myJaggedArray[1] = new int[4] ; // Second inner array will be of length 4.
myJaggedArray[2] = new int[3] ; // Third inner array will be of length 3.
Now to access third element of second row we write:
int value = myJaggedArray[1][2];
Note that while declaring the array the second dimension is not supplied because this you will declare later on in the code.
Jagged array are created out of single dimensional arrays so be careful while using them. Don't confuse it with multi-dimensional arrays because unlike them jagged arrays are not rectangular arrays.
For more information on arrays:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/csref/html/vclrfarrayspg.asp
VB.NET Interview Questions 14
Does C# support multiple inheritance?
No, use interfaces instead.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file? Can you automate this process?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable. In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
No, use interfaces instead.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file? Can you automate this process?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable. In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
VB.NET Interview Questions 13
Does C# support multiple inheritance?
No, use interfaces instead.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file? Can you automate this process?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable. In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
No, use interfaces instead.
So how do you retrieve the customized properties of a .NET application from XML .config file? Can you automate this process?
Initialize an instance of AppSettingsReader class. Call the GetValue method of AppSettingsReader class, passing in the name of the property and the type expected. Assign the result to the appropriate variable. In Visual Studio yes, use Dynamic Properties for automatic .config creation, storage and retrieval.
VB.NET Interview Questions 12
What's the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class' set method?
Value, and it's datatype depends on whatever variable we're changing.
How do you inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it's double colon in C++.
Value, and it's datatype depends on whatever variable we're changing.
How do you inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it's double colon in C++.
VB.NET Interview Questions 11
How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
Compile it with a /doc switch.
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
Compile it with a /doc switch.
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
VB.NET Interview Questions
Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
What's the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
What's the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
VB.NET Interview Questions 9
Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
Yes.
What's the C# equivalent of C++ catch (...), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Yes.
What's the C# equivalent of C++ catch (...), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
VB.NET Interview Questions 8
What happens when you encounter a continue statement inside the for loop?
The code for the rest of the loop is ignored, the control is transferred back to the beginning of the loop.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
The code for the rest of the loop is ignored, the control is transferred back to the beginning of the loop.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
VB.NET Interview Questions 6
How do you convert a string into an integer in .NET?
Int32.Parse(string)
Can you declare a C++ type destructor in C# like ~MyClass()?
Yes, but what's the point, since it will call Finalize(), and Finalize() has no guarantees when the memory will be cleaned up, plus, it introduces additional load on the garbage collector.
What's different about namespace declaration when comparing that to package declaration in Java?
No semicolon.
What's the difference between const and readonly?
The readonly keyword is different from the const keyword. A const field can only be initialized at the declaration of the field. A readonly field can be initialized either at the declaration or in a constructor. Therefore, readonly fields can have different values depending on the constructor used. Also, while a const field is a compile-time constant, the readonly field can be used for runtime constants as in the following example:
public static readonly uint l1 = (uint) DateTime.Now.Ticks;
What does a character do?
On most systems, produces a rather annoying beep.
Int32.Parse(string)
Can you declare a C++ type destructor in C# like ~MyClass()?
Yes, but what's the point, since it will call Finalize(), and Finalize() has no guarantees when the memory will be cleaned up, plus, it introduces additional load on the garbage collector.
What's different about namespace declaration when comparing that to package declaration in Java?
No semicolon.
What's the difference between const and readonly?
The readonly keyword is different from the const keyword. A const field can only be initialized at the declaration of the field. A readonly field can be initialized either at the declaration or in a constructor. Therefore, readonly fields can have different values depending on the constructor used. Also, while a const field is a compile-time constant, the readonly field can be used for runtime constants as in the following example:
public static readonly uint l1 = (uint) DateTime.Now.Ticks;
What does a character do?
On most systems, produces a rather annoying beep.
VB.NET Interview Questions 5
Why is the XML InfoSet specification different from the Xml DOM? What does the InfoSet attempt to solve?
"The XML Information Set (Infoset) defines a data model for XML. The Infoset describes the abstract representation of an XML Document. Infoset is the generalized representation of the XML Document, which is primarily meant to act as a set of definitions used by XML technologies to formally describe what parts of an XML document they operate upon.
The Document Object Model (DOM) is one technology for representing an XML Document in memory and to programmatically read, modify and manipulate a xml document.
Infoset helps defining generalized standards on how to use XML that is not dependent or tied to a particular XML specification or API. The Infoset tells us what part of XML Document should be considered as significant information.
Contrast DTDs versus XSDs. What are their similarities and differences? Which is preferred and why?
Document Type Definition (DTD) describes a model or set of rules for an XML document. XML Schema Definition (XSD) also describes the structure of an XML document but XSDs are much more powerful.
The disadvantage with the Document Type Definition is it doesn't support data types beyond the basic 10 primitive types. It cannot properly define the type of data contained by the tag.
An Xml Schema provides an Object Oriented approach to defining the format of an xml document. The Xml schema support most basic programming types like integer, byte, string, float etc., We can also define complex types of our own which can be used to define a xml document.
Xml Schemas are always preferred over DTDs as a document can be more precisely defined using the XML Schemas because of its rich support for data representation.
Speaking of Boolean data types, what's different between C# and C/C++?
There's no conversion between 0 and false, as well as any other number and true, like in C/C++.
"The XML Information Set (Infoset) defines a data model for XML. The Infoset describes the abstract representation of an XML Document. Infoset is the generalized representation of the XML Document, which is primarily meant to act as a set of definitions used by XML technologies to formally describe what parts of an XML document they operate upon.
The Document Object Model (DOM) is one technology for representing an XML Document in memory and to programmatically read, modify and manipulate a xml document.
Infoset helps defining generalized standards on how to use XML that is not dependent or tied to a particular XML specification or API. The Infoset tells us what part of XML Document should be considered as significant information.
Contrast DTDs versus XSDs. What are their similarities and differences? Which is preferred and why?
Document Type Definition (DTD) describes a model or set of rules for an XML document. XML Schema Definition (XSD) also describes the structure of an XML document but XSDs are much more powerful.
The disadvantage with the Document Type Definition is it doesn't support data types beyond the basic 10 primitive types. It cannot properly define the type of data contained by the tag.
An Xml Schema provides an Object Oriented approach to defining the format of an xml document. The Xml schema support most basic programming types like integer, byte, string, float etc., We can also define complex types of our own which can be used to define a xml document.
Xml Schemas are always preferred over DTDs as a document can be more precisely defined using the XML Schemas because of its rich support for data representation.
Speaking of Boolean data types, what's different between C# and C/C++?
There's no conversion between 0 and false, as well as any other number and true, like in C/C++.
VB.NET Interview Questions 4
What is the difference between an XML "Fragment" and an XML "Document."
An XML fragment is an XML document with no single top-level root element. To put it simple it is a part (fragment) of a well-formed xml document. (node) Where as a well-formed xml document must have only one root element.
What does it meant to say "the canonical" form of XML?
"The purpose of Canonical XML is to define a standard format for an XML document. Canonical XML is a very strict XML syntax, which lets documents in canonical XML be compared directly.
Using this strict syntax makes it easier to see whether two XML documents are the same. For example, a section of text in one document might read Black & White, whereas the same section of text might read Black & White in another document, and even in another. If you compare those three documents byte by byte, they'll be different. But if you write them all in canonical XML, which specifies every aspect of the syntax you can use, these three documents would all have the same version of this text (which would be Black & White) and could be compared without problem.
This Comparison is especially critical when xml documents are digitally signed. The digital signal may be interpreted in different way and the document may be rejected.
An XML fragment is an XML document with no single top-level root element. To put it simple it is a part (fragment) of a well-formed xml document. (node) Where as a well-formed xml document must have only one root element.
What does it meant to say "the canonical" form of XML?
"The purpose of Canonical XML is to define a standard format for an XML document. Canonical XML is a very strict XML syntax, which lets documents in canonical XML be compared directly.
Using this strict syntax makes it easier to see whether two XML documents are the same. For example, a section of text in one document might read Black & White, whereas the same section of text might read Black & White in another document, and even in another. If you compare those three documents byte by byte, they'll be different. But if you write them all in canonical XML, which specifies every aspect of the syntax you can use, these three documents would all have the same version of this text (which would be Black & White) and could be compared without problem.
This Comparison is especially critical when xml documents are digitally signed. The digital signal may be interpreted in different way and the document may be rejected.
VB.NET Interview Questions 3
How is a property designated as read-only?
In VB.NET:
Private mPropertyName as DataType
Public ReadOnly Property PropertyName() As DataType
Get Return mPropertyName
End Get
End Property
In C#
Private DataType mPropertyName;
public returntype PropertyName
{
get{
//property implementation goes here
return mPropertyName;
}
// Do not write the set implementation
}
What is hiding in CSharp ?
Hiding is also called as Shadowing. This is the concept of Overriding the methods. It is a concept used in the Object Oriented Programming.
E.g.
public class ClassA {
public virtual void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("ClassA Method");
}
}
public class ClassB : ClassA {
public new void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("SubClass ClassB Method");
}
}
public class TopLevel {
static void Main(string[] args) {
TextWriter tw = Console.Out;
Trace.Listeners.Add(new TextWriterTraceListener(tw));
ClassA obj = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs "Class A Method"
ClassB obj1 = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs "SubClass ClassB Method"
}
}
In VB.NET:
Private mPropertyName as DataType
Public ReadOnly Property PropertyName() As DataType
Get Return mPropertyName
End Get
End Property
In C#
Private DataType mPropertyName;
public returntype PropertyName
{
get{
//property implementation goes here
return mPropertyName;
}
// Do not write the set implementation
}
What is hiding in CSharp ?
Hiding is also called as Shadowing. This is the concept of Overriding the methods. It is a concept used in the Object Oriented Programming.
E.g.
public class ClassA {
public virtual void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("ClassA Method");
}
}
public class ClassB : ClassA {
public new void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("SubClass ClassB Method");
}
}
public class TopLevel {
static void Main(string[] args) {
TextWriter tw = Console.Out;
Trace.Listeners.Add(new TextWriterTraceListener(tw));
ClassA obj = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs "Class A Method"
ClassB obj1 = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs "SubClass ClassB Method"
}
}
VB.NET Interview Questions 2
How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?
When we set out to implement a class using inheritance, we must first start with an existing class from which we will derive our new subclass. This existing class, or base class, may be part of the .NET system class library framework, it may be part of some other application or .NET assembly, or we may create it as part of our existing application. Once we have a base class, we can then implement one or more subclasses based on that base class. Each of our subclasses will automatically have all of the methods, properties, and events of that base class ? including the implementation behind each method, property, and event. Our subclass can add new methods, properties, and events of its own - extending the original interface with new functionality. Additionally, a subclass can replace the methods and properties of the base class with its own new
implementation - effectively overriding the original behavior and replacing it with new behaviors. Essentially inheritance is a way of merging functionality from an existing class into our new subclass. Inheritance also defines rules for how these methods, properties, and events can be merged. In VB.NET we can use implements keyword for inheritance, while in C# we can use the sign ( :: ) between subclass and baseclass.
When we set out to implement a class using inheritance, we must first start with an existing class from which we will derive our new subclass. This existing class, or base class, may be part of the .NET system class library framework, it may be part of some other application or .NET assembly, or we may create it as part of our existing application. Once we have a base class, we can then implement one or more subclasses based on that base class. Each of our subclasses will automatically have all of the methods, properties, and events of that base class ? including the implementation behind each method, property, and event. Our subclass can add new methods, properties, and events of its own - extending the original interface with new functionality. Additionally, a subclass can replace the methods and properties of the base class with its own new
implementation - effectively overriding the original behavior and replacing it with new behaviors. Essentially inheritance is a way of merging functionality from an existing class into our new subclass. Inheritance also defines rules for how these methods, properties, and events can be merged. In VB.NET we can use implements keyword for inheritance, while in C# we can use the sign ( :: ) between subclass and baseclass.
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